PUBPOL 2350 The U.S. Health Care System Prelim 1 Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which program accounts for the smallest share of medical spending?
• Which statement describes inefficient care due to price sensitivity?
• Which payer program primarily serves older adults and some disabled individuals?
• In-network providers generally have what characteristic?
• How does an Accountable Care Organization differ from other care delivery models?
• Which statement best describes the US government's influence on new medical technologies?
• What factor drives higher payments to certain providers by private insurers?
• Quality measures in the U.S. health care system mostly serve which role?
• Maternity and newborn care is included as part of essential health benefits in ACA-compliant plans.
• What is the primary aim of population health management?
• What is an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) and how does it align incentives?
• What are social determinants of health, and provide two examples.
• A deductible is the dollar amount per year before the insurer begins paying.
• Which statement best describes the recent trends in health spending?
• Which statement is true about private vs public insurance governance?
• What is population health management?
• Pure premium is defined as?
• Which statement best describes the US government's role in pricing medical technology for Medicare and Medicaid patients?
• What is the relationship between financing, delivery, and regulation in shaping access, cost, and quality?
• HCUP is best described as which of the following?
• What is Medicaid expansion and its policy implications?
• Which statement correctly describes GDP's relevance to health policy?
• Which populations are primarily served by Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP?
• What is the difference between value-based care and traditional fee-for-service?
• What is the net value of medical spending?
• National Health Expenditures (NHE) refer to what measure?
• What is capitation and what is one potential risk to patients?
• Which statement best describes capitation in health care payments?
• What distinguishes fee-for-service payment from value-based payment models?
• Which statement best defines co-insurance?
• Which statement describes nonprofit hospitals' tax status and community obligations?
• Which factor largely drives the rise in U.S. health care costs?
• What is the typical effect of capitation on care volume and patient outcomes?
• How do antitrust considerations affect hospital mergers and competition?
• What is Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage) and how does it differ from traditional Medicare?
• What are the major settings of care in the U.S. health system?
• Since 1980, the health spending gap between the United States and other high-income countries has:
• Exposure to cost describes what behavior?
• What is the difference between a single-payer and a multi-payer health system?
• In the example, what is the deductible?
• On the demand-side approach, which of the following is a typical mechanism?
• How do countries drive the price of technology down?
• In the proportional causes of growth in per-capita medical spending, which factor contributes the least?
• Which statement best characterizes inconsistent quality within the U.S. health care system?
• Under MACRA, which tracks are used to adjust clinician payments?
• Why do some health care providers receive higher payments from private insurers?
• Which parts cover what in Medicare?
• MEPS collects data on which of the following?
• What strategies address emergency department overcrowding and overutilization?
• Which mechanism is used to reduce moral hazard?
• According to the Dartmouth group's explanation, what do high-spending regions have more of compared to low-spending regions?
• Pre-certification for a hospital admission is best described as requiring:
• Where does the majority of medical spending go?
• Which statement about the relationship between medical care and symptoms is true?
• Which is a key issue with increasing patient cost sharing?
• How do countries decide whether a technology will be available in the country?
• What is the primary role of Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) in hospital payment systems?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a major setting of care?
• Why do we have predominantly employer-sponsored health insurance?
• What is the effect of cost sharing on prescription drug use?
• An advantage of employer-sponsored health insurance is equity, meaning:
• How is the medical care ratio (MCR/MLR) defined?
• Which statement best describes a performance-based payment approach in health care?
• What characterizes high-spending regions relative to low-spending regions?
• Which statement about the Choosing Wisely campaign is true?
• In the US, richest American women live how many more years than the poorest women?
• Which term describes the Stark Law's purpose?
• Why does NHE exceed Personal Health Care Expenditures?
• Certificate of Need (CON) is defined as what?
• What is a key reason some providers receive higher payments from private insurers?
• Which setting is included as a major setting of care and is often provided in patients' homes?
• In health economics, which description best captures what a QALY measures?
• Which statement is true about spending differences across regions in the US?
• Which statement correctly describes co-insurance and co-payments?
• Which statement best summarizes the leading determinants of health and spending?
• A disadvantage of employer-sponsored health insurance is:
• What is home health care and how is it typically reimbursed?
• What is moral hazard in health insurance?
• Which of the following is NOT identified as a driver of persistent growth in US health care spending?
• Which are the two major benefits of health insurance?
• Which statement about co-payment and co-insurance is true?
• Which entity provides prescription drug coverage in Medicare Part D?
• Which strategy is suggested to improve price and value in health care?
• Which of the following is a component of essential health benefits under ACA-compliant plans?
• According to the material, what is the leading determinant of health?
• Meaningful Use was replaced under MACRA by which framework?
• How do nonprofit and for-profit hospitals differ in terms of tax status and community obligations?
• Which three primary functions does the U.S. health policy aim to address, and how do they collectively influence access, cost, and quality?
• Price transparency in health care markets is expected to do which of the following?
• What has been the typical impact of Medicaid expansion on uninsured rates in participating states?
• Which historical context contributed to the predominance of employer-sponsored health insurance?
• Which statement best describes how HTA informs policy decisions?
• Which statement best describes how premiums are set for most Americans?
• Which stakeholders are most directly influenced by quality measures in the health care system?
• Which populations does CHIP provide coverage for?
• Under EMTALA, emergency departments must provide what to patients?
• The improved net value is driven primarily by what factor?
• Which statement best describes the out-of-pocket maximum?
• In the United States, how is the quantity of medical care per capita best described?
• Accountable Care Organization description.
• What is a fee schedule and who uses it?
• What are Medicare Trust Funds and why is their sustainability a policy concern?
• How does a medical condition affect the QALY value of an individual, assuming health quality changes?
• Which combination best explains why total U.S. health care spending is high relative to other countries?
• Which statement about cost sharing is true?
• Which statement accurately reflects unequal access and outcomes within the U.S. health care system?
• In the cost-effectiveness ratio, what does the denominator represent?
• Medicaid is a federal program that provides medical benefits for which group?
• Compare HMO and PPO insurance plans in terms of access and cost controls.
• In the United States, access to health care is a problem, particularly for which group?
• What is health technology assessment (HTA) and its policy use?
• How are health gains defined in this context?
• Which source accounts for about 21% of medical spending?
• Which statement accurately describes the shift from fee-for-service to value-based care?
• Loading charge covers which of the following?
• What does HIPAA establish?
• Which statement is most accurate about how health is produced?
• Which statement best describes inefficiencies in U.S. health care spending?
• In areas of doubt, what belief tends to prevail among patients and physicians?
• Which statement best describes regulatory oversight of hospital mergers?
• Which plan type typically has the broadest provider network?
• What fraction of US medical spending is estimated to be wasted, according to Choosing Wisely?
• From 1750 to 1850, which factor was the main driver of life expectancy improvements in England and Wales?
• On the supply-side approach, which statement is true?
• When comparing medical prices today to the 1950s, which is true?
• Which factor accounts for the second-largest share of proportional growth in per-capita medical spending?
• Where does the United States generally stand in the Iron Triangle of health care?
• What does Personal Consumption Expenditure measure?
• By 1970, water and food-borne diseases were essentially eliminated in high-income countries. Which option best states this?
• What effect can medical care have on the QALY associated with a condition?
• The medical care ratio is defined as which of the following?
• Which statement best describes a risk-spreading characteristic of health insurance?
• How does Medicaid financing differ from Medicare financing and administration?
• What is cost-effectiveness analysis?
• Which source accounts for the smallest share of medical spending?
• Which of the following are drivers of increasing medical spending in the United States?
• Which strategy would most directly lower an insurer's MCR?
• What is the typical effect of price on the regulatory approval of safe and health-improving medical treatments in the US?
• Which type of health plan is the most popular?
• What is the standard medical spending formula?
• Which is the fastest growing type of plan?
• In some HMO arrangements, primary care physicians are paid primarily by capitation rather than fee-for-service. Which payment method is capitation?
• In regions with plenty of specialists and hospital beds, what pattern occurs regarding use of expensive medical technology?
• Medical care is defined as what?
• Which statement is NOT one of the four key decisions?
• Which factors contribute to higher health care costs in the United States relative to peer countries?
• Pay-for-performance is best described as which of the following?
• Medicare is a federal program of health insurance for which group?
• According to the Dartmouth group explanation, what is a key reason for uncertainty in clinical decisions?
• Which tactic requires patients to initiate treatment with their PCP before being referred to a specialist?
• By approximately what factor are U.S. drug prices higher than those in peer countries?
• Which statement about the relationship between HI and SMI within Medicare Trust Funds is correct?
• In the US, richest American men live how many more years than the poorest men?
• In the UK health system, which principle governs whether medical care is allowed or promoted?
• Which statement best describes cost sharing?
• Moral hazard in health insurance is defined as which of the following?
• Why is eliminating low-value, wasteful care not easy?
• What was the main reason life expectancy improved in England and Wales from 1850 to 1950?
• A defining characteristic of high-deductible health plans is that they come with:
• Which statement best supports the argument for the importance of nutrition in historical mortality reductions?
• What is the main aim of the Choosing Wisely campaign?
• Which factors appear to drive higher costs in some areas?
• Which of the following statements best describes the goal of social determinants integrated policy design?
• What is health equity, and which example best illustrates a disparity driven by social determinants?
• HCUP data are primarily used to track which of the following?
• Compared with other high-income countries, the United States quantity of medical care is:
• Under capitation, providers have a greater incentive to emphasize which type of care?
• What does the acronym MIPS stand for in MACRA?
• What does the 'value of a year of life' refer to in health economics?
• How do private insurance differ from public insurance in terms of funding and governance?
• What does GDP measure in macroeconomic terms?
• Which statement best describes current U.S. health care workforce issues?
• According to the Dartmouth Atlas, what can happen if medical care continues past the flat part of the curve?
• In the US, richest American men live how many more years than the poorest men?
• How are prices for medical technologies determined under private insurance?
• Which statement explains why high out-of-pocket costs deter care when perceived value is low?
• Which of the following is one of the four key decisions health insurers make to manage MCR?
• What is the estimated monetary value of one extra year of life in perfect health in the United States?
• What explains the higher prices of medical care in the United States?
• Adverse selection in health insurance occurs when which of the following is true?
• Which provisions of the Affordable Care Act are most central to expanding insurance coverage and consumer protections?
• What are the two methods used to determine health insurance premiums?
• Historically, the increase in life expectancy due to nutrition in Europe during the 18th century was about how many years?
• What is cost shifting in health care markets?
• What was the main reason life expectancy improved after 1950 in England and Wales?
• Which factor contributes to the growing demand for long-term care as the population ages?
• Which statement best describes Medicare Advantage relative to traditional Medicare?
• Which factor primarily increases administrative costs in the U.S. health care system?
• Which statement about the price of medical care in the United States is most accurate?
• Which statement best describes how premiums are set for most Americans?
• What is Medicare Part D?
• Which statement best describes Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) plans?
• Which factor is NOT typically considered a social determinant of health?
• What is the role of public health agencies in the U.S. health system?
• What are the two general methods described for limiting growth in medical spending without reducing quality?
• How do social determinants of health get incorporated into policy design?
• What does the Iron Triangle of Health Care describe?
• Actual premium paid by the consumer equals which two components?
• What is patient cost sharing commonly referred to as?
• How is a person's health produced?
• Why do risk-averse individuals value health insurance?
• Which statement describes a Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) plan?
• Within a company, who typically subsidizes the premiums for older or sicker workers?
• Which concept explains why high out-of-pocket costs deter care when perceived value is low?
• Which of the following is a consequence of increased medical spending?
• In a fee-for-service system, what incentive is highlighted by the Dartmouth explanation?
• What primarily drives higher administrative costs in the U.S. health care system?
• Which statement describes Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage)?
• Which statement correctly describes the meaning of a year with a QALY value of 1.0?
• Which plan type is described as fastest growing, with consumers paying more at the point of care?
• Medicare is a federal program of health insurance for which group?
• What is the cost-effectiveness ratio formula described?
• Which of the following statements about cost-effectiveness analysis is true?
• What is the primary objective of utilization management?
• In the cost-effectiveness ratio, what does the numerator represent?
• Which tactic requires patients to try a less expensive drug before the more expensive one?
• What are the three aims of the Triple Aim in health policy?
• Which of the primary purposes of the Stark Law best describes its design?
• What does the Dartmouth Atlas conclude about regional variation in spending and outcomes?
• Which statement best describes social determinants of health?
• What percentage of the U.S. population was uninsured in 2021?
• A co-payment is a fixed dollar amount per visit or per prescription.
• In the Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) framework, what does a value of 1.0 represent?
• What are common long-term care financing challenges in the U.S.?
• Which example illustrates underlying structural factors that affect health outcomes?